Human myiasis is a rare condition that can occur in any part of globe but is more common in regions with warm and humid climate. Myiasis is a worldwide infestation with seasonal variation. Myiasis is the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae which, at least for a short period, feed on the hosts dead or living tissue, liquid bodysubstance, or ingested food. There are almost 100 types of flies that belong to the diptera order which may cause myiasis. Noninflammatory cutaneous myiasis caused by the larva of cordylobia anthropophaga. Myiasis symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. The cutaneous myiasis has been rarely reported in the republic of korea. Cutaneous tissues invade sores, wounds, burrow in the skin, suck blood.
Myiasis which occurs in a newborn baby is referred as neonatal myiasis. Infestation by cattle bots hypoderma bovis, found in the north tem perate zones of asia and africa, may appear initially as a furuncular lesion, but the larva then. Myiasis can be categorised clinically based on the area of the body infested, for example cutaneous, ophthalmic, auricular, and urogenital. Aug 01, 2002 myiasis constitutes an invasion of living, necrotic, or dead tissue by fly larvae, or maggots. Dec 01, 2006 if you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader.
The objective of this study was to identify the flies producing myiasis in bahia blanca city, argentina, from 01032000 to 31052005. Tumbu fly cordylobia anthropophaga is the most common cause in africa and is endemic in malawi. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Only one fly in north america, cochliomyia hominivorax, is a primary invader of fresh, uncontaminated skin wounds of domestic animals. Age and sex distribution myiasis can affect any individual irrespective of their age, race, community, or gender. Treatment consists of the mechanical removal of the larvae following topical anaesthesia. Aural myiasis medigoo health medical tests medical. Extensive myiasis infestation associated with oral squamous. Myiasis refers to infestation of vertebrates by fly larva.
Because some animals cannot react as effectively as humans to the causes and effects of myiasis, such infest. Colloquialisms for myiasis include flystrike and flyblown. Furuncular myiasis as caused by dermatobia hominis and cordylobia anthropophaga most frequently affects exposed body regions e. The medical term myiasis refers to infestation of human tissues with larvae of flies.
Within a short time, however, the organisms are destroyed by. If they do not want to see pictures of myiasis, they probably would not want to come to this page in the first place. Prevention of human myiasis is important and involves control of fly population, general cleanliness, basic sanitation and health education with a special emphasis on oral health care in patients. Furuncular myiasis results when the larva penetrates healthy skin to cause a furuncle like nodule which may mimic common dermatoses like insect bites and pyoderma leading to misdiagnoses. Blowfly strike, known as myiasis, is a common disease in sheep, especially in areas where there are hot and wet conditions. Human infestation is rare, occurs accidentally in persons at extremes of age, who are debilitated or not able to ensure basic hygiene and wound cleanliness. Furuncular myiasis warble occurs after the penetration of the dipteran larva into healthy skin fig. Aural myiasis in a neonate in peninsular malaysia parasites. Poor hygiene and low socioeconomic status are the most important risk factors for acquiring myiasis 111, 220. Most reports of furuncular myiasis in the united states involve infestation by dermatobia hominis linnaeus jr. This slideshow presents a look at the most common flies responsible for this infestation as well as diagnosis and treatment. There are several species of dipteran flies whose maggots can parasitize the skin, vagina, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx, sinuses, eyes, and auditory canals of humans 1, 2. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of myiasis is available below. Both species are members of the subfamily chrysomyinae in the family calliphoridae blowflies.
In this myiasis transmission occurs through accidental deposit of eggs orin this myiasis transmission occurs through accidental deposit of eggs or larvae on oral or natural openings of body, or by swallowing eggs or larvae that are on food. Myiasis is an animal or human disease caused by parasitic dipterous fly larvae feeding on the hosts necrotic or living tissue. If they want a definition of myiasis, a simple dictionary would suffice. Dec 15, 2009 myiasis is a pathological condition in humans and animals caused by various species of dipterous larvae. Some flies attach their eggs to mosquitoes and wait for mosquitoes to bite people. Serologic testing has also been used to diagnose the presence of botfly larvae in human ophthalmomyiasis. A case of neonatal aural myiasis in a two day old infant is reported in this paper. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Furunculous myiasis genetic and rare diseases information.
Another important factor is an abundance of exposed preexisting suppurative lesions that attract and stimulate. Myiasis is the infection of a fly larva maggot in human tissue. An infection or infestation of tissues or cavities by larvae of flies. The fly larvae feed directly on the hosts necrotic or living tissue. Myiasis from the greek word for fly, myia is defined as the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous fly larvae, which. Facultative myiasisproducing flies integumentary system.
Oral myiasis caused by musca domestica larvae in a child. Although flies are most commonly attracted to open wounds and urine or fecessoaked fur, some species can create an infestation even on unbroken skin and have been known to use moist soil and nonmyiatic flies as vector agents for their parasitic larvae. Myiasis, the invasion of the live mammalian tissue by larvae of dipteran flies to feed on the hosts organs, body fluids, or ingested food, may be specific, semispecific, or accidental. Myiasis is the term derived from the greek word for fly, or myia. If the maggots penetrate into the base of the brain, meningitis and death can result. We intended to describe here a case of furuncular cutaneous myiasis caused by cordylobia anthropophaga larvae in a korean. Facultative myiasis producing flies of veterinary importance covered in other chapters include gasterophilus spp in horses see gasterophilus spp infection in horses, oestrus ovis in sheep see sheep nose bot, and cuterebra spp in dogs and cats see cuterebra infestation in dogs and cats. Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates humans andor animals with dipterous. Myiasis is the infestation of the organs or tissues of host animals by the larval stages of dipterous flies, usually known as maggots or grubs. Diabetes and peripheral vascular diseases can be predisposing factors for myiasis 7. Myiasis united states pdf ppt case reports symptoms. Although flies are most commonly attracted to open wounds and urine or fecessoaked fur, some species including the most common myiatic fliesthe botfly, blowfly, and screwfly can create an infestation even on unbroken skin and have been known to use moist. Jul 15, 2011 extensive oral myiasis infestation associated with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region are reported in the literature, but are very few. Flies that produce furuncular myiasis are found in many parts of the world, but the lesions have sev eral features that distinguish them from those produced by d hominis.
Dermatobia cutaneous myiasis, a case presentation from the university of alberta, includes an excellent overview of clinical and epidemiologial aspects of the infestation. A condition that is characterised by the invasion of the body by the larvae of flies. Infectious diseases consultant, alhada armed forces hospital, taif region, alhada 26792, kingdom of saudi. Myiasis of body cavities results from maggot infestation of the eye, nasal passages, ear canal, or mouth. Feb 18, 2014 clinical features facultative traumatic wound myiasis eggs larvae in suppurating tissues calliphora, lucilia, phormia, sarcophaga obligatory cutaneous myiaisis creeping eruptions furuncular myiasis cordylobia, cochliomyia, dermatobia, hypoderma, gastrophilus, oestrus assoc with hes constt symptoms. Cutaneous myiasis is a unique disease, endemic in tropical areas, and uncommon in the western world, making its diagnosis difficult for physicians that are unfamiliar with the disease process. Myiasis or infestation of living tissues by diptera two winged fly larvae is primarily a problem of cattle and livestock in tropics. Many dipteran flies produce larvae that must lead a parasitic existence and result in obligatory myiasis. Myiasis is the invasion of organs and tissues of humans or vertebrate animals by fly larvae. Apr 07, 2020 myiasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infestation of maggots or larvae of flies in several parts of the body. Myiasis is considered, in most cases, an embarrassing and repugnant disease to patients and to health care professionals. Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by fly larvae which grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue.
The vast majority of cases are not fatal, and many are treated at home using occlusion methods not altogether different from those available in a medical setting. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Cutaneous myiasis involves the invasion of the skin, with the most common target being a wound, near which an obligatory or facultative parasitic. The hosts are usually mammals, occasionally birds and, less commonly, amphibians or reptiles. Dermatobia hominis pdf dermatobia hominis occurs widely in tropical parts of latin america. Clinical signs and symptoms of human cases due to chrysomya bezziana myiasis. Sites the most common sites for myiasis are the nose, eye. Myiasis is infection with a fly larva, usually occurring in tropical and subtropical areas. Examples of species that can cause myiasis include the human botfly, sheep botfly and the tumbu fly.
There are several ways for flies to transmit their larvae to people. Autochthonous furuncular myiasis in the united states. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It is a rare condition and there are only a few reports to date. The fly lays its eggs on the ground or on bedding or clothing that is laid on the ground to dry and once hatched. Obligatory myiasisproducing flies integumentary system. Worldwide, the most common flies that cause the human infestation are dermatobia hominis human botfly and cordylobia anthropophaga tumbu fly.
New world screwworm myiasis is caused by the larvae of cochliomyia hominivorax coquerel. Forgive me, but if you were to arrive to this page, it would be on purpose since wikipedia is not one of those accidental popup sites. Myiasis cutaneous myiasis skin maggots what is myiasis human myiasis is caused in subsaharan africa by the tumbu fly cordylobia anthropophaga also known as mango fly or putzi fly. Myiasis american society for clinical laboratory science ascls. Dermatobia hominis and cordylobia anthropophaga are the most common causative agents of furun cular myiasis.
Myiasis definition of myiasis by medical dictionary. In the eye called ophthalmomyiasis or ocular myiasis the larvae may affect the ocular surface, the conjunctival sac, the intraocular tissues or occasionally the deeper orbital tissues. Invasion of the external, middle, or inner ear by larvae of dipterous insects. Myiasis, infestation of the body with the larvae maggots of certain species of flies.
Cutaneous presentations include furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis, depending on the type of infesting larvae. Aid l ii li i cliil d d h iaccidental myiasis commonly is enteric. Open wounds and mucous membranes, typically in the homeless, alcoholics, and other people in poor social circumstances, may be infested by fly larvae, most often from green or black blowflies. Cutaneous myiasis presentations include furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis, depending on the species of infesting. Intestinal myiasis results from ingestion of food contaminated with eggs or larvae and may produce cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unlike larvae of common houseflies, most agents of wound myiasis invade healthy as well as necrotic tissue. Furuncular myiasis is caused by dermatobia hominis, the human botfly or cordylobia anthropophaga, the african tumbu fly, which produce boillike lesions commonly misdiagnosed as a furuncle. Old world screwworm myiasis is caused by the larvae of chrysomya bezziana villeneuve. Dec 01, 2018 facultative, incidental, and accidental myiasis. Maggots may infest wounds, but certain not all forms of myiasis require skin lesions. Myiasis is defined as infestation of a vertebrate host by fly larvae that feed on living tissue, body fluids, or ingested foods. Larvae of a twowinged fly are inoculated through normal skin by a mosquito bite. Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by fly larvae maggots which.
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